HTML — The Structure
HyperText Markup Language is the skeleton of every webpage. HTML defines headings, paragraphs, images, links, forms, and all other page elements. Usually the starting point for web development training.
CSS — The Styling
Cascading Style Sheets controls how HTML elements look — colours, fonts, layout, spacing, responsive design for mobile screens. Including modern frameworks like Bootstrap or Tailwind.
JavaScript — The Interactivity
Makes pages dynamic — animations, form validation, interactive components, real-time updates without page reloads. Core skill for all web developers.
React or Vue — A Front-End Framework
Modern web development uses component-based frameworks. React (Facebook) is the most employer-requested in South Africa; Vue.js is easier to learn. Choose one after mastering JavaScript.
Back-End & Databases (Optional for Full-Stack)
Node.js (JavaScript), Python + Django/Flask, or PHP. Combined with SQL databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL) for storing and retrieving data. Full-stack developers command the highest web dev salaries.